英语翻译技巧：高级口译阅读
参加英语翻译考试的小伙伴们，大家准备得怎么样了呢?听说口译是很多人不想面对的考试，你是不是也和他们一样呢?下面小编就和大家分享英语翻译技巧：高级口译阅读，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
英语翻译技巧：高级口译阅读
1. 各类词汇，谙熟于心
高口阅读的词汇量要求在8000至12000之间，相当于专业八级和GRE常考词汇量，甚为恐怖。但若仔细分析，高口阅读的词汇范畴却和后两者(尤其是和GRE)相去甚远，主要体现在对四大类特殊词汇的掌握上：
新闻偏好词 ，如soar(猛增，上升)，sway(控制)，swoop(攻击)等。
外来词 ，如faux par(禁忌)，per se(本质上)，perrata(成比例的)等。
专业词 ，如jurisdiction(管辖权)，IVF(试管婴儿)，default(拖欠)，reserve(储备)等。
熟词僻义 ，如marginal(毛利的，边缘的，非主流的，以少数超过的等)
对于口译词汇的复习可参见上海口译教研组出版的《中高级口译考试词汇必备》及台湾友谊出版社《单挑时代经典一千词》等。
2. 句法结构，分类击破
由于报刊文章正式度介于口语和正式书面语之间的特殊性质，我们经常在高口阅读篇章中同时遭遇十分复杂冗长和十分短小通俗的表达，这就要求考生熟练把握考试中常出现的三类特殊句型结构：
a.长句 ，这类句子在快速阅读中只需抓主干舍从属，其中的让步状语从句、同位语、定语从句、并列结构、分割插入结构等可以迅速掠过，整句理解不受个别难词影响。
b. 特殊结构句 ，It is too funny not to take it seriously.(这事情太滑稽了所以一定要认真对待。)这样的句子看似简单却常常使考生在匆忙中形成相反的解释。
c.俗语 ，这主要指一些对大陆考生来说较陌生的英语俚语，谚语，成语和一些约定俗成并无典籍可查的地道表达，需要我们在平时的训练中有效地积累。
3. 篇章结构，思路分明
广义上说，高口阅读文章均属于倒金字塔的结构形式，即主题内容出现在文章开头的一至三段之内，向后则重要性相关度都逐步递减。这就要求我们上首都文章时就扎实把握文章前几段的内容(其中往往出现主题句)，在把握主题的基础上则可以迅速掠过后面的细节性内容以节省时间，根据具体题目所指选择性地补充二次阅读。
4. 背景知识，举足轻重
高级口译考试中听力翻译部分对于背景知识的考察已经成为许多考生的致命弱点所在，阅读部分的理解效果更是建立在背景知识的撑托之上，05年3月高口Section 2第4篇涉及了一系列宗教背景的概念，如：
Sabbath(犹太教和的安息日)
Blue laws(美国殖民地时期清教徒社团颁行的蓝色法规，禁止星期日饮酒及娱乐等世俗活动)
liturgy(圣餐仪式)
Pope(教皇)
apostle(追随者倡导者，原指耶稣的十二门徒)
Fourth commandment (犹太教十戒之第四戒，规定人们一周必须工作六天，第七天即安息日可以休息)
这方面的知识需要我们长期大量的积累，当然这也是我的口译阅读课上强调的重中之重。
5. 控制节奏，主次分明
我们都知道，任何一个论说型语篇都是由TS/ts (全文主题句，段落主题句以及相关的抽象句)和Subordination(各类支持性细节)构成的。试题也永远是围绕论点论据以及它们的相互关系展开的。然而在快速阅读中正常人类都很难做到面面俱到，这就要求我们抓大放小，张弛有度地读文章，在把握TS/ts的基础上掠过Subordination的具体内容，知道后者用来支持什么就可以。这种先慢后快的方式是绝对磨刀不误砍柴工的。
6. 跳读顺序，明智取舍
阅读部分的做题顺序当然是因人而异的，但是在长期的教学过程中我也摸索出了一套比较广泛适用效果也比较好的顺序策略，美其名曰“木乃伊归来法”，即：快速浏览题干(20秒迅速浏览题干，预测文章答题内容的同时抓住考察点和定位线索)，把握文章框架(浏览文章TS/ts，把握核心内容)，适度边读边解(细节性的题目，可以在读到相关内容时顺便处理掉问候相关的内容，这样可以减少记忆负担，正确率也比较高)，补充二次阅读(文后题目若涉及subordination中的具体内容，再回文中定位细查也不迟)。考生们可以在实际操作中根据自己的实际情况选择合适的阅读顺序。
7. 分辨题型，有的放矢
高口阅读的主要题型有主题题，细节题，例子功能题，作者态度题，词义句义理解题和判断/否定题等，每种题型的出题思路都非常相似，因而也就产成了各具特点的解题方式。
这一部分的具体讲解请参见上海口译教研组出版的《高级口译笔试备考精要》一书之“阅读篇”。
8. 集中意志，避免神游
为了避免在三个小时的高口战役中由于体力和精力的不支而全面虚脱，同学们在复习迎考的过程中应该有意识的锻炼自己长时间集中注意力的能力，因为这项能力的意义远远超越于考场之外，它是每个口译员职业生涯不可缺少的维他命。
2020年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译习题九
域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
近期，个别域外大国罔顾南海局势持续向好的事实，就所谓南海“紧张局势”无端指责中国，欧盟高官也表达了关切。为了让欧洲读者更加全面认知南海问题，我愿意向广大朋友们讲讲南海的故事。考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
从“南中国海”的名字可以看出，南海在中国大陆的南面。中国是最早发现和命名南海诸岛的国家，也是最早开发利用南海的国家。早在公元8世纪，欧洲进入中世纪不久，中国就开始对南海进行管辖。中国和南海沿岸国交往密切，人民世代友好。直到20世纪前，中国对南海诸岛的主权从未遭遇任何挑战。
二战结束后，中国使用美国提供的军舰，收复了日本非法侵占的南海诸岛，在岛上举行接收仪式并派兵驻守。作为二战后国际秩序的组成部分，中国对南海诸岛的主权得到国际社会广泛承认。但随着南海发现油气资源，一些沿岸国开始在南沙夺岛占礁，提出海洋权益诉求，导致南海出现争端。尽管如此，中国致力于同有关国家谈判解决争议，聚焦海上务实合作，切实维护了南海的和平稳定，维护了地区国家的发展繁荣。
世上本无事，总有人为谋取私利而到处挑拨离间、惹事生非，南海也未能幸免。个别域外大国，唯恐南海不乱，蓄意炒作南海“紧张局势”，指责中国在南海“搞军事化”。殊不知中国在自己领土上部署必要防御设施，本就是国家的合法权利。这个大国有世界上最强大的军事力量，在全世界有数百个军事基地。其不断在南海搞军事演习，派大型军舰搞“航行自由”行动，把南海当作大国博弈的战场，才是南海局势紧张的重要根源。
个别域外大国总喜欢讲南海问题，但在一些多边场合，其国家代表发完言就扬长而去，不愿倾听地区国家对南海和平稳定的关切。可以说，这个大国所关心的南海问题，同中国和东盟国家所关心的南海问题，根本就不是同一个问题。这个大国的真实目的是搅浑南海，为维持地区军事存在找借口，维护亚太霸权和海洋霸主地位。
个别域外大国言南海必称“航行自由”问题，然而这个问题在南海根本就不存在。中国对外贸易和能源运输的60%以上通过南海，中国比任何国家更关心南海航行自由。事实是，每年有十几万艘商船通行南海，从没有一艘遇到过航行自由问题。这些域外大国天天喊“航行自由”，想要的莫不是乱闯别国领海的“横行自由”?
南海地区国家有维护和平稳定与推动地区合作的共同意愿。中国不会任由领土主权和地区安全受到侵害，也不会坐视域外大国搅乱南海秩序。希望域外国家尊重地区国家的意愿和选择，多发挥建设性作用，不要为一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成为威胁南海和平稳定的风险源。
域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story.
As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enjoyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged.
After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community.
However, with the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region.
We would deserve a more peaceful world, were it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the world’s most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships there for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea.
That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representatives would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different from those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over.
That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of China’s foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries’ territorial waters? This might be the real question.
Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters. It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose one’s own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South China Sea.
英语翻译相关文章：
★ 中秋节的作文
